RULES AND REGULATIONS
Constitution of Kingdom of Bahrain 2002
The Kingdom of Bahrain is a fully sovereign, independent Islamic Arab State whose population is part of the Arab nation and whose territory is part of the great Arab homeland. Its sovereignty may not be assigned or any of its territory abandoned.
The regime of the Kingdom of Bahrain is that a hereditary constitutional monarchy, which has been handed down by the late Sheikh Isa Bin Salman Al Khalifa to his eldest son Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, the King. Thenceforward it will pass to his eldest son, one generation after another, unless the King in his lifetime appoints a son other than his eldest as successor, in accordance with provisions of the Decree on inheritance stated in the following clause
All provisions governing inheritance are regulated by a special Royal Decree that will have a constitutional character, and which can only be amended under the provisions or Article 120 of the constitution.
The system of government in the Kingdom of Bahrain is democratic, sovereignty being in the hands of the people, the source of all powers. Sovereignty shall be exercised in the manner stated in this constitution.
Citizens, both men and women, are entitled to participate in public affairs and may enjoy political rights, including the right to vote and to stand for elections, in accordance with this Constitution and the conditions and principles laid down by law. No citizen can be deprived of the right to vote or to nominate oneself for elections except by law.
Download Constitution 
Full text: PDF (1 MB)
Bahrain e-Transaction Rule
- Use of electronic signature shall not be denied legal effect, validity or enforceability solely on the grounds that it is wholly or partly in electronic form.
- Where the law requires a signature of a person, or provides for a legal effect if a document is not signed, an electronic signature of that person satisfies the requirements of this Law.
Without prejudice to a harsher penalty provided for any other law, a person who intentionally commits any of the following acts shall be guilty of an offence and if convicted shall be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years and to a fine not exceeding BD 100,000 or either penalty:
- Copies or otherwise obtains possession of, or recreates in bad faith, the signature creation device of another person without the authorization of that other person;
- alters, discloses or uses the signature creation device of another person without the authorization of that other person or in excess of lawful authorization;;
- creates, publishes, alters or otherwise uses a certificate or an electronic signature for a fraudulent or other unlawful purposes;
- mispresents a person’s identity or authorization in requesting or accepting a certificate or in requesting suspension or revocation of a certificate;
- publishes a certificate, or otherwise makes it available to anyone likely to rely on the certificate or on an electronic signature that is verifiable with reference to data such as codes, passwords, algorithms, public cryptographic keys or other data which are used for the purposes of verifying an electronic signature, listed in the certificate, if the person knows that:
- the Certification Service Provider listed in the certificate has not issued it
- the subscriber listed in the certificate has not accepted it; or
- the certificate has been revoked or suspended, unless its publication is for the purpose of verifying an electronic signature created before such revocation or suspension, or giving notice of revocation or suspension.
Download e-Transaction Law Full text: PDF (1.2 MB)
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